Ƙabilun Ghana

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Gabatarwa

Ghana, ƙasa ce mai yawan ƙabilu. “A bisa ƙiyasi, akwai kusan mabambantan gungu-gungun ƙabilu 100 waɗanda za a iya gane su ta hanyar bambancin harshe ko wasu al’adu na daban waɗanda kuma sau-da-yawa suke tsaye a kan ƙafansu kuma zayanannu a jerin sunayen ƙabilu bisa ƙididdigar ƙidayar 1960”, Irvin da Tawagarsa (1971). Waɗannan ƙabilu an tattare su waje guda aka kuma karkasa su zuwa yanki-yanki a ƙarƙashin manya-manyan ƙabilu guda biyar. Adutwumwah (2020) ya ce: “…manya-manyan ƙabilu biyar; Akan, Ewe, Mole-Dagbane, Guan, da Ga-Adangbe”. Sai kuma ya cigaba da cewa: “Akan su ne mamallaka kusan dukkan Kudu da Gabacin Black Volta, Ewe suka mallaki Kudu-Maso-Yamma, Mole-Dagbane kuma suke da Arewa, Guan suna da Kudancin gaɓar teku sai kuma Ga-Adangbe da suke da Yankin Ankara (Accra)”.

Asante da Gyimah-Boadi (2004) sun bayyana cewa: “An ƙiyasta cewa akwai kusan ƙabilu casa’in da biyu (92) a Ƙasar Ghana ababen dunƙulewa a ƙarƙashin manya-manyan ƙabilu masu suna Akan, Mole Dagbani, Ewe, Ga Adangbe, Guan da Gume (Guma)”. Sun sake ɗaukar waɗannan manya-manyan ƙabilu suka zayyana su daki-daki tare da kawo ƙananan ƙabilun da ke ƙarƙashin kowace ƙabila kamar haka:

1. Akan 8, 562, 748 (49.1%)
2. Mole Dagbani 2, 883, 931 (16.5%).
3. Ewe 2, 212, 113 (12.7%).
4. Ga Adangbe 1, 387, 217 (8.0%).
5. Guan 758, 779 (4.4%).
6. Gurma 678, 681 (3.9%).
7. Grusi with 490, 379 (2.8%).
8. Mande–Busanga 193, 443 (1.1%).
9. Sauran dukkan ƙabilu 269.302 (1.5%).

Akan 49.1% a ƙarƙashinsu akwai:

1. Agona 1.4%.
2. Ahafo 1.1%.
3. Ahanta 1.5%.
4. Akwapim 2.9%.
5. Akwamu 0.6%.
6. Akyem 3.4%..
7. Aowin, 0.6%.
8. Asante 14.8%.
9. Asen (Assin) 0.8%.
10. Boron/Bono/Brong.
11. Banda 4.6%.
12. Chokosi 0.4%.
13. Denkyira 0.5%.
14. Eɓalue 0.1%.
15. Fanti 9.9%.
16. Kwahu 1.9%.
17. Nzema 1.2%.
18. Sefwi 1.2%.
19. Wassa 1.4%
20. Akan da ba a tantance su ba 0.8%.

Ga Adangbe 8.0% a ƙarƙashinsu akwai:

1. Adangbe 4.3%.
Ga, 3.4%. Ga-Dangme da ba a tantance ba 0.3%.

Guan 4.4% a ƙarƙashinsu akwai:

1. Akpafu, Lolobi, Likpe, 0.4%.
2. Aɓatime, Nyingbo, Tafi, 0.2%.
3. Awutu, Efutu, Senya, 0.6%.
4. Cherepong, Larteh, Anum, 0.9%.
5. Gonja, 1.2%; Nkonya, 0.1%.
6. Yefi, Nchumuru, Krachi, 0.6%.
7. Guan da ba a tantance ba 0.2%.

Gurma 3.9% a ƙarƙashinsu akwai:

1. Bimoba 0.6%.
2. Kokomba 2.7%.
3. Kyamba (Tchamba), Baasari, 0.3%.
4. Pilapila 0.0%.
5. Salfalba (sabulaba) 0.0%.
6. Gurma da ba a tantance ba 0.2%

Ewes 13% su kaxai ne

Mole-Dagbani 16.5% a ƙarƙashinsu akwai:

1. Builsa (Kagyaga or Kanja), 0.7%.
2. Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%.
3. Dagomba 4.3%; Kusasi 2.2%.
4. Mamprusi 1.1%.
5. Namnam (Nandom) 2.4%.
6. Nankansi and Gurense 0.5%.
7. Walba (Wala) 1.0%.
8. Nanumba 0.5%.
9. Mole – Dagbon da ba a tantance ba 0.1%.

Grusi 2.8% a ƙarƙashinsu akwai:

1. Kasena (Paga) 0.7%
2. Mo, 0.3%.
3. Sisala 0.9%.
4. Ɓagala 0.2%.
5. Grusi 0.2%
6. Grusi da ba a tantance ba 0.4%

Mande-Busanga 1.1% a ƙarƙashinsu akwai:

1. Busanga, 0.8%.
2. Wangara (Bambara, Mandingo) 0.3%.
3. Mande-Busanga da ba a tantance ba 0.1%

Dukkan sauran ƙabilu 1.5%.

Manazarta

Adutwumwah D. (2020). The Continuities Within the Ghanaian Festival Scene: The Performance of Nation Building and Identity Formation. Senior Project Submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York.

Asante R. da Gyimah-Boadi E. (2004). Ethnic Structure, Inequality and Governance of the Public Sector in Ghana. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. An ciro a 2021 daga shafin: https://unrisd.org/

Irvin K. da Tawagarsa (1971). Area Handbook for Ghana. American University, Washington, D.C. Foreign Area Studies. An ciro a 2021 daga shafin: https://files.eric.ed.goɓ/fullteɗt/ED059936.pdf